Rosa Luxemburg memorial is situated at the Landwehr Canal.
Rosa Luxemburg was an influential revolutionary socialist, Marxist theorist and an anti-war activist. She was abducted by paramilitary forces during the
German Revolution on 15th January 1919 and transferred to a government volunteer regiment, where she was tortured and executed. Her body was thrown into the Landwehr Canal close to the Liechtenstein Bridge. Luxemburg was a member of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) during the First World War and joined the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) later on. As a reaction to the German parliament's vote for war bonds in 1914 she established the "Group International" which later became the
Spartacus League, a revolutionary communist movement. She was a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD, 30th December 1918 - 1st January 1919), when the Spartacus League merged with smaller groups of left-wing radicals. When the German revolution started in 1918, the constitutional monarchy was replaced by a parliamentary republic.
Karl Liebknecht, one of Luxemburg's longtime companions, proclaimed the Free Socialist Republic of Germany on 9th November 1918, only two hours after the SPD member Phillip Scheidemann had proclaimed the German Republic. Luxemburg's Spartacus League was actively involved in the fights during the following revolutionary period.